Anfal campaign

1986 – 1989 · Iraq (Saddam Hussein/Ba'athist government) vs Iraqi Kurds (peshmerga and civilians)

A genocidal counterinsurgency campaign waged by Saddam Hussein's government against Iraqi Kurds in 1986–1989, involving chemical attacks, mass executions, deportations and the destruction of thousands of villages. Human Rights Watch estimated 50,000–100,000 killed; it is internationally recognized as genocide.

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