1872 BCE – 1854 BCE · Egypt vs Nubian kingdoms
Middle Kingdom pharaoh conducted multiple military campaigns establishing Egyptian hegemony over northern Nubia.
Senusret III (1870-1831 BCE) dispatched at least four major military expeditions into Nubia. Egyptian forces conquered Nubian territories and established military forts to maintain control. Senusret's campaigns destroyed Nubian resistance and secured gold, granite, and incense trade routes. Nubian populations fled southward, establishing new settlements beyond Egyptian reach.
Senusret's Nubian conquest established Egypt's Middle Kingdom hegemony in northeastern Africa. Egyptian fortifications maintained control for centuries.
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